osha requires which of the following in regards to excavations

Federal OSHA standard 1926.651(l) states that “Walkways shall be provided where employees or equipment are required or permitted to cross over excavations. Sidewalks, pavements, and appurtenant structure shall not be undermined unless a support system or another method of protection is provided to protect employees from the possible collapse of such structures. OSHA requires you to provide safe access and egress to all excavations, including ladders, steps, ramps, or other safe means of exit for employees working in trench excavations 4 feet (1.22 meters) or deeper. This is one in a series of informational fact sheets highlighting OSHA programs, policies or standards. Benching is a similar method to sloping. Daily inspections of excavations, the adjacent areas, and protective systems shall be made by a competent person for evidence of a situation that could result in possible cave-ins, indications of failure of protective systems, hazardous atmospheres, or other hazardous conditions. Inspectors are the enforcement arm of the Ministry of Labour; their role includes the following: inspection of workplaces; issuing of orders where there is a contravention of OHSA or its regulations; investigation of accidents and work refusals ; resolution of disputes; recommendation of prosecution. Structural ramps and runways must be designed by a qualified person . 4 FEET Excavations greater than 4 feet, the atmosphere must be tested if oxygen deficiency or hazardous atmosphere does, or is reasonable expected, to exist. Inspections shall also be made after every rainstorm or other hazard increasing occurrence. This website is not the official or final authority to determine OSHA compliance responsibilities, which are set forth in OSHA standards themselves, and the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970. 1926.652(a)(1)(ii) 6 FEET Guardrails are required … The following hazards cause the most trenching and excavation injuries: No Protective System; Failure to Inspect Trench and Protective Systems; Unsafe Spoil-Pile Placement; Unsafe Access/Egress; Show/Hide All. Means of egress from trench excavations. Keep heavy equipment away from trench edges. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration’s (OSHA) Excavation standards, 29 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 1926, Subpart P, contain requirements for excavation and trenching operations. A stairway, ladder, ramp or other safe means of egress shall be located in trench excavations that are 4 feet (1.22 m) or more in depth so as to require no more than 25 feet (7.62 m) of lateral travel for employees. Testing and controls. A full-time safety official should be appointed for larger and more complex operations. All of the following are requirements for an excavation "Competent" person except _____. “A protective system is not required to be utilized in an excavation unless it is at least five (5) feet … Temporary protective structure . Means of egress must be positioned within _____ feet of employees. OSHA recently revised Subpart P, Excavations, of 29 CFR 1926.650, 29 CFR 1926.651, and 29 CFR 1926.652 to make the standard easier to understand, permit the use of performance criteria where possible, and provide construction employers with options when classifying soil and selecting employee protection methods. These inspections are only required when employee exposure can be reasonably anticipated. For excavations more than 4 feet deep, there needs to be a way to enter and exit the work area at least every 25 feet via a ladder, ramp, or other sturdy device. A walkway across an excavation must be at least 50 cm (20 in) wide, and if crossing an excavation over 1.2 m (4 ft) deep, be equipped with guardrails, meeting the requirements of Part 4 (General Conditions), on both sides. Operators may remain in the cabs of vehicles being loaded or unloaded when the vehicles are equipped, in accordance with §1926.601(b)(6), to provide adequate protection for the operator during loading and unloading operations. Employees exposed to public vehicular traffic shall be provided with, and shall wear, warning vests or other suitable garments marked with or made of reflectorized or high-visibility material. False. Structural ramps that are used solely by employees as a means of access or egress from excavations shall be designed by a competent person. Surface encumbrances. When mobile equipment is operated adjacent to an excavation, or when such equipment is required to approach the edge of an excavation, and the operator does not have a clear and direct view of the edge of the excavation, a warning system shall be utilized such as barricades, hand or mechanical signals, or stop logs. Source: OSHA OSHA has its own requirements for this, and the standard also indicates that state and/or local government may have additional requirements that must be adhered to. No Protective System. Employees entering bell-bottom pier holes, or other similar deep and confined footing excavations, shall wear a harness with a life-line securely attached to it. 20.89 Excavation crossings. Know where underground utilities are located. – The Federal OSHA excavation standard – CFR 1926 Subpart P, Excavations • Course length: 30-40 minutes • Refer to your local state laws for more information. When utility companies or owners cannot respond to a request to locate underground utility installations within 24 hours (unless a longer period is required by state or local law), or cannot establish the exact location of these installations, the employer may proceed, provided the employer does so with caution, and provided detection equipment or other acceptable means to locate utility installations are used. When creating a hazard to employees, these must be removed or supported as necessary to safeguard employees working in the area : Surface encumbrances Before excavation work can begin, it is necessary to determiine the location of these … If water is controlled or prevented from accumulating by the use of water removal equipment, the water removal equipment and operations shall be monitored by a competent person to ensure proper operation. Structural ramps used in lieu of steps shall be provided with cleats or other surface treatments on the top surface to prevent slipping. Warning system for mobile equipment. However, we also address nuances that may appear in state OSHA regulations regarding their excavation standards, where applicable. These devices must be located within 25 feet (7.6 meters) of all workers. One of our readers recently asked about rescue requirements in excavations. Ladders must be provided as a means of exit when employees are required to be in trenches 4 or more feet deep (29 CFR 1926.652(h)). If excavation work interrupts the natural drainage of surface water (such as streams), diversion ditches, dikes, or other suitable means shall be used to prevent surface water from entering the excavation and to provide adequate drainage of the area adjacent to the excavation. Adequate precautions shall be taken to prevent employee exposure to atmospheres containing less than 19.5 percent oxygen and other hazardous atmospheres. A trench is defined as a narrow underground excavation that is deeper than it is wide, and is no wider than 15 feet (4.5 meters). While the excavation is open, underground installations shall be protected, supported or removed as necessary to safeguard employees. The estimated location of utility installations, such as sewer, telephone, fuel, electric, water lines, or any other underground installations that reasonably may be expected to be encountered during excavation work, shall be determined prior to opening an excavation. OSHA standards require safe access and egress to all excavations, including ladders, steps, ramps, or other safe means of exit for employees working in trench excavations 4 feet (1.22 meters) or deeper. Trench (Trench excavation) means a narrow excavation (in relation to its length) made below the surface of the … Walkways shall be provided where employees or equipment are required or permitted to cross over excavations. Structural ramps used for access or egress of equipment shall be designed by a competent person qualified in structural design, and shall be constructed in accordance with the design. Inspect trenches at the start of each shift. The employer must comply with the trenching and excavation requirements of 29 CFR 1926.651 and 1926.652 or comparable OSHA-approved state plan requirements. In addition to the requirements set forth in subparts D and E of this part (29 CFR 1926.50 - 1926.107) to prevent exposure to harmful levels of atmospheric contaminants and to assure acceptable atmospheric conditions, the following requirements shall apply: Where oxygen deficiency (atmospheres containing less than 19.5 percent oxygen) or a hazardous atmosphere exists or could reasonably be expected to exist, such as in excavations in landfill areas or excavations in areas where hazardous substances are stored nearby, the atmospheres in the excavation shall be tested before employees enter excavations greater than 4 feet (1.22 m) in depth. All surface encumbrances that are located so as to create a hazard to employees shall be removed or supported, as necessary, to safeguard employees. If an excavation is a hazard to workers, it must be effectively covered or guarded. When excavations are subjected to vibrations from highway traffic, additional precautions must be taken to prevent cave-ins (29 CFR 1926.652 (e)). four, twenty five. In situations where the potential for a hazardous atmosphere exist inside an excavation, such as those listed above, Federal OSHA’s excavation standard 1926.651 (g) requires that the atmosphere be tested before employees enter excavations greater than four (4) feet in depth. On a daily basis, a competent person must perform these inspections. Means of egress from trench excavations. Protection shall be provided by placing and keeping such materials or equipment at least 2 feet (.61 m) from the edge of excavations, or by the use of retaining devices that are sufficient to prevent materials or equipment from falling or rolling into excavations, or by a combination of both if necessary. OSHA requires that workers in trenches and excavations be protected, and that safety and health programs address the variety of hazards they face. The precautions necessary to protect employees adequately vary with each situation, but could include special support or shield systems to protect from cave-ins, water removal to control the level of accumulating water, or use of a safety harness and lifeline. Workers should keep heavy equipment away from trench edges, keep surcharge loads at least 2 feet from trench edges and never work under raised loads. Where the competent person finds evidence of a situation that could result in a possible cave-in, indications of failure of protective systems, hazardous atmospheres, or other hazardous conditions, exposed employees shall be removed from the hazardous area until the necessary precautions have been taken to ensure their safety. This equipment shall be attended when in use. Test for low oxygen, hazardous fumes and toxic gases. 1926.651 (d) Exposure to vehicular traffic. Employees shall not work in excavations in which there is accumulated water, or in excavations in which water is accumulating, unless adequate precautions have been taken to protect employees against the hazards posed by water accumulation. Sloping involves cutting back the trench wall at an angle that is inclined away from the work area of the excavation. Employees shall be required to stand away from any vehicle being loaded or unloaded to avoid being struck by any spillage or falling materials. Excavations subject to runoff from heavy rains will require an inspection by a competent person and compliance with paragraphs (h)(1) and (h)(2) of this section. OSHA requires inspection of the excavation site and adjoining areas for possible cave-ins, failures of protective equipment and systems, hazardous atmospheres, and other hazardous conditions. When excavation operations approach the estimated location of underground installations, the exact location of the installations shall be determined by safe and acceptable means. Workers should keep heavy equipment away from trench edges, keep surcharge loads at least 2 feet from trench edges and never work under raised loads. Before starting work, the Excavation standards require employers to do the following: ■Determine the approximate location(s) of utility installations — including sewer, telephone, fuel, electric, and water lines. These precautions include providing proper respiratory protection or ventilation in accordance with subparts D and E of this part respectively. This process must be carried out prior to the selection of the manufacturer shoring or open-cut sloping for the given project. Sandy Clay loam having … These devices must be located within 25 feet (7.6 meters) of all … All of the following are OSHA's most cited violations in excavations, except. Keep surcharge loads at least 2 feet (0.6 meters) from trench edges. The OSHA standard requires you to provide support systems such as shoring, bracing, or underpinning to ensure that adjacent structures such as buildings, walls, sidewalks, or pavements remain stable. This could include spoils that could fall into the trench and bury the workers. OSHA standards require that employers provide workplaces free of recognized hazards. Structural members used for ramps and runways shall be of uniform thickness. The employer must comply with the trenching and excavation requirements of 29 CFR 1926.651 and 1926.652 or comparable OSHA-approved state plan requirements. Utility companies or owners shall be contacted within established or customary local response times, advised of the proposed work, and asked to establish the location of the utility underground installations prior to the start of actual excavation. Trench collapses, or cave-ins, pose the greatest risk to workers' lives. OSHA defines an excavation as any man-made cut, cavity, trench, or depression in the earth�s surface formed by earth removal. Excavation and trenching are among the most hazardous construction operations. Emergency rescue equipment, such as breathing apparatus, a safety harness and line, or a basket stretcher, shall be readily available where hazardous atmospheric conditions exist or may reasonably be expected to develop during work in an excavation. Protection from hazards associated with water accumulation. Excavation and trenching are among the most hazardous construction operations. 1926.651(g)(1)(i) 5 FEET For excavations less than 5 feet in depth do not require protective system if competent person examines and determines there is no potential for a cave-in. firing employees for not complying with safety rules. A registered professional engineer has approved the determination that such excavation work will not pose a hazard to employees. OSHA requires safe access and egress to all excavations, including ladders, steps, ramps, or other safe means of exit for employees working in trench excavations 4 feet (1.22 meters) or deeper. These standards help reduce or prevent risks of excavation-related and cave-in incidents. Where the stability of adjoining buildings, walls, or other structures is endangered by excavation operations, support systems such as shoring, bracing, or underpinning shall be provided to ensure the stability of such structures for the protection of employees. In typical cases, the construction employer is required to classify the type of soil as per the OSHA Soil Classification. An excavation is any man-made cut, cavity, trench, or depression in an earth surface formed by earth removal. Cleats or other appropriate means used to connect runway structural members shall be attached to the bottom of the runway or shall be attached in a manner to prevent tripping. Ramps and runways constructed of two or more structural members shall have the structural members connected together to prevent displacement. U.S. Department of Labor  |  Occupational Safety & Health Administration  |  200 Constitution Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20210. A stairway, ladder, ramp or other safe means of egress shall be located in trench excavations that are 4 feet (1.22 m) or more in depth so as to require no more than 25 feet (7.62 m) of lateral travel for employees. Guardrails which comply with 1926.502(b) shall be provided where walkways are six (6) feet or more above lower levels. Employees shall be protected from excavated or other materials or equipment that could pose a hazard by falling or rolling into excavations. It does not impose any new compliance requirements. OSHA standards on trenching and excavation require your employer to designate a competent person to inspect the trenching operations. Which of the following is a Type B soil? If possible, the grade should be away from the excavation. Exposure to vehicular traffic. Excavations that have a depth of _____ feet or more must have a way to enter the excavation. 1926.651 - Specific Excavation Requirements. When controls are used that are intended to reduce the level of atmospheric contaminants to acceptable levels, testing shall be conducted as often as necessary to ensure that the atmosphere remains safe. You must be protected from equipment or materials that could fall or roll into excavations. Excavation workers are exposed to many hazards, but the chief hazard is danger of cave-ins. Excavation inspections are required before work starts, during work shifts, and after rainstorms. [54 FR 45959, Oct. 31, 1989, as amended at 59 FR 40730, Aug. 9, 1994], Occupational Safety & Health Administration, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Severe Storm and Flood Recovery Assistance. For a comprehensive list of compliance requirements of OSHA standards or regulations, refer to Title 29 of the Code of Federal Regulations. The voice phone is (202) 693-1999; teletypewriter (TTY) number: (877) 889-5627. http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/trenchingexcavation/ index.html. Excavation below the level of the base or footing of any foundation or retaining wall that could be reasonably expected to pose a hazard to employees shall not be permitted except when: A support system, such as underpinning, is provided to ensure the safety of employees and the stability of the structure; or, A registered professional engineer has approved the determination that the structure is sufficently removed from the excavation so as to be unaffected by the excavation activity; or. Guardrails which comply with §1926.502(b) shall be provided where walkways are 6 feet (1.8 m) or more above lower levels. ROCO TECH PANEL ANSWER: The following is from OSHA LOI in regards to this answer. OSHA requires a safe means of access or egress – such as ladders, steps and ramps – to be located within 25 feet of all workers for excavations 4 feet or deeper. The angle of slope required depends on the soil conditions. Exposure to falling loads. Another legal requirement is to notify utility owners in the vicinity of an excavation prior to beginning the activity. Such protection shall consist of scaling to remove loose material; installation of protective barricades at intervals as necessary on the face to stop and contain falling material; or other means that provide equivalent protection. The OSHA excavation standards apply to any open excavation on Earth’s surface. Protection of employees from loose rock or soil. The evaluation of soil conditions and structure is crucial to safe operation in and around excavations, therefore an excavation requirement was included in the construction standard, which was among the first promulgated by OSHA in 1971.2In that standard, soils were classified into three types called running, unstable, and hard compact. We did some searching and found an interesting Letter of Interpretation (LOI) from OSHA that explains when rescue provisions are required during trenching operations. OSHA requires a safe means of access or egress – such as ladders, steps and ramps – to be located within 25 feet of all workers for excavations 4 feet or deeper. These devices must be located in the excavation within 25 feet (7.62 meters) of all workers. An inspection shall be conducted by the competent person prior to the start of work and as needed throughout the shift. The class is based on the requirements of Subpart P of the Federal OSHA CFR 1926 construction standards for trenching and excavations. OSHA requires that in all excavations employees exposed to potential cave-ins must be protected by sloping or benching the sides of the excava- tion, by supporting the sides of the excavation, or by placing a shield between the side of the excavation and the work area. The standard also prohibits excavation below the base or footing of any foundation or retaining wall unless: Here are some other requirements to follow: OSHA Excavation Standards. This information will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Adequate protection shall be provided to protect employees from loose rock or soil that could pose a hazard by falling or rolling from an excavation face. OSHA Training Requirements - Excavations. The lifeline shall be separate from any line used to handle materials, and shall be individually attended at all times while the employee wearing the lifeline is in the excavation. Adequate precaution shall be taken such as providing ventilation, to prevent employee exposure to an atmosphere containing a concentration of a flammable gas in excess of 20 percent of the lower flammable limit of the gas. Per OSHA the following standards are required written safety plan or procedures: 18 for general industry and 10 written construction safety plan requirements for the construction industry. OSHA has made reducing trenching and excavation hazards the Agency's Priority Goal. No employee shall be permitted underneath loads handled by lifting or digging equipment. 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