effects of bihar earthquake 1934effects of bihar earthquake 1934

Bilham, R. (1995). Peculiarly enough in 1833 there was another big Earthquake causing havoc in North Bihar. Saquib Salim is a well known historian under whose supervision various museums (Red Fort, National Library, IFFI, Jallianwala Bagh etc.) Surv. Res. The earthquake had removed many antiquated buildings and was directly responsible for the construction of numerous modern buildings, roads and bridges in which cement, steel and reinforced concrete played an important role. With a magnitude of about 8.1 to 8.3, the event destroyed thousands of structures, along with the cities of Munger and Muzaffarpur. The clock of the tower in the Patna Secretariat had stopped. Sir E. Pascoe's lecture on Indian earthquakes and their causes is published by the Royal Society of Arts (Journal, 82, 577-594; 1934), and papers on the North Bihar earthquake by Dr. M. S . 79 1237-1250. Geophys. Sapkota, S., Bollinger, L., Klinger, Y., et al. Nepal Science, 307, 13021305. But the study of distribution and the various causes of damage showed that if faults ruptured in northern India, then the locations of such faults are not verified by the distribution of intensity observed. Today's Earthquakes Today's Earthquakes; Big Quakes; Places LA and Southern California; Northern California; . Liquefaction record of the great 1934 earthquake predecessors from the north Bihar alluvial plains of India. Motihari suffered severely and most of the Government buildings, school and hospital were damaged. (2020). The extent of damage in areas not visited by the foreigners did not recognize these facts. In addition, possible death and injury figures were estimated by looking at statistics from previous comparable earthquakes in other parts of the world. Tectonophysics, 453, 6373. Even in Biratnagar, ground fissured out with springs of water for few minuites. India Spec. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. and JavaScript. Geological society (Vol. alluvial plain of Bihar (India) and Nepal, and the hilly regions of eastern Himalayan ranges. Only four storeys were left) Image Courtesy : Nepal Ko Mahabhukampa by Shree M. J Brahma Sumsher. Active strike-slip faults and an outer frontal thrust in the Himalayan foreland basin. The epicenter of the earthquake was in Nepal six miles south of Mt. ), Historical disaster experiences, transcultural researchHeidelberg studies on Asia and Europe in a global context (p. 241266). [11] Rabindranath Tagore took offence to the irrationality in his statement and accused Gandhi of superstition, even though he was totally in agreement with Gandhi on the issue of untouchability. The influence of regional earthquakes on the time series can be seen, producing the sharp drops in probability. He done in Zurich after a mining disaster in 1906 and an earthquake in Messina, Italy in 1908 (Stierlin, 1909 and 1911). Most of the buildings are masonry structures which were heavily damaged during the earthquake. Geol. To the effects of shaking were added those of flood; the rivers rose high after the earthquake, bringing down sand, mud, trees, and all kinds of debris. the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in ", "Source dynamics of two great earthquakes of the Indian subcontinent: The Bihar-Nepal earthquake of January 15, 1934, and the Quetta earthquake of May 30, 1935", 1934 Mw 8.1 Bihar/Nepal earthquake 15 January 1934, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1934_NepalIndia_earthquake&oldid=1133023739, All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 11 January 2023, at 22:58. [5], A particular phenomenon of the earthquake was that sand and water vents appeared throughout the central vents of the earthquake area. Survey of India, Calcuta (391 pp). The clock in the tower of the Secretariat stopped at 2.16 p.m. In Kathmandu around 25% of all houses were destroyed just like several temples in the old town of Bhaktapur Sci. Effects of Tapered Flange: (i) Bolted Connection: Bolt . Springer, Singapore. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in The flood may result due to damage caused to the dams. Soc. To his credit Mr. Salim has more than 400 published articles on history, politics, culture and literature in English and Hindi. Also, the length of rupture zone along east-west had been estimated as 200 100 Km. Ambraseys N and Douglas J 2004 Magnitude calibration of north Indian earthquakes; Geophys. and Geology at UC Davis and ), Earthquake prediction-an international review, maurice ewing series, American Geophysical Union (Vol. Rana, B. S. (1935). Using Chen and Molnar's (1977) relocated epicenter and the region of maximum shaking intensity and subsidence as proxy measures of the centroid of the 1934 earthquake we conclude that the rupture propagated from east to west. Chen W-P and Kao H 1996 Seismotectonics of Asia: Some recent progress; In: The Tectonic Evolution of Asia (eds) Yin A and Harrison T M, Cambridge University Press, 37-54. Kumar, S., Wesnousky, S. G., Jayangondaperumal, R., Nakata, T., Kumahara, Y., & Singh, V. (2010). Nature Geoscience, 6, 7176. Active faulting south of the himalayan front: Establishing a new plate boundary. Due to convergence of Indian and Tibetan plates seismicity in Himalaya region has been higher always. Bull. The earthquake shocks of magnitude 5 to 6 have been recorded in the Garhwal region in 1803, 1809, 1816, 1966, Uttarkashi Earthquake, 1991. . Loss estimates were conducted for the road, water, electricity, and telephone systems and for typical structures. For this reason the earthquake appears on many maps in the the wrong location (almost 200 km too far south).The reason for this was partly due to its misleading early instrumental location, partly due to the sedimentary basin amplification of seismic waves south of the epicenter, which resulted in massive damage near the Ganges, and partly due to the exclusion of foreigners from Nepal (1815 to 1950) which lead to much of the damage in Nepal in not being recognized. 1st English edition. Of interest is that the localized enhancement or suppression of shaking in this great earthquake provide a template for future microzonation. The Biggest Earthquakes in Bihar, India. Mem. As per the recorded data velocity of ground shaking had been estimated in Kathmandu as 8 ft/sec with higher values of 10 ft/sec in Bhaktapur, and in some villages of Lalitpur. A. Dunn and three assistants were sent to the areas chiefly affected. The magnitude of the earthquake was 8.1. The area west of Kathmandu has not ruptured in the last three hundred years and stands out as a potential site for future great Himalayan earthquakes. Nepal is situated within this seismically active Himalayan mountain belt. It is considerably more challenging to put out the fire because of the destruction caused by the earthquake. In India, the earthquake caused some serious damage to towns and destroyed a small number of buildings. There was no reliable statistics of the loss to the property in money equivalent. Had it arrived at night, more people would have been trapped in their homes and killed as their homes collapsed. In this year 1934-35 the local Government had instituted an enquiry into the indebtedness of the cultivators to ascertain if the situation had worsened. Around 4.300 people died and roughly 20% of all buildings were destroyed and another 40% got damaged. Yeats R S, Nakata T, Faraj A, Fort M, Mirza M A, Pandey M R and Stein R S 1992 The Himalayan frontal fault system; Ann. Paleoseismological evidence of surface faulting along the northeastern himalayan front, India: Timing, size, and spatial extent of great earthquakes. Nepal 5 22-44. Post earthquake aggradation processes to hide surface ruptures in thrust systems: The M8.3, 1934, Bihar-Nepal earthquake ruptures at Charnath Khola (Eastern Nepal). The earthquake took place on January 15 around two o'clock in the afternoon and cause widespread damage. Journal of Geophysical Research, 82, 29452969. Ratna Pustak Bhandar, Kathmandu, Nepal (136 p). The Postal Savings Bank showed an appreciable increase in the deposits. (Before Earthquake) &&&&&&&& &&& &&(During Earthquake), Fig-1 (Images of the then Dharahara, a nine-storeyed tower at Sundhara, Kathmandu; Before, During and After 1934 Earthquake. Western part of the Kathmandu suffered relatively less damage. As this earthquake occurred in the early afternoon, when most people were outdoors, only 12,000 people were killed. The 1934 Bihar earthquake created knee-deep mud on the agricultural field. In: Survey of India Geodetic Report 1936, (eds). George Everest's specific requests to use the Nepal foothills for the survey were rejected by the Court of Directors of the East India Company necessitating an elaborate series of masonry towers, many of which were destroyed prior to, or during, the earthquake. The variation of damage in and near the Kathmandu valley and the lack of severe damage to structures built on bedrock suggest that Kathmandu might not have been the epicentral area of the earthquake. Nepal is exposed to several recurring hazards. Fatality rates of the M w ~8.2, 1934, Bihar-Nepal earthquake and comparison with the April 2015 Gorkha earthquake Bhaktapur also saw massive destruction but less than these five villages. A SYMPOSIUM on the origin of the North Bihar Earthquake of January 15th, 1931, was held at a joint meeting of the Mathematics, Physics and Geology Sections of the Indi in Scieace Congress, 1935, under the Chairmanship of Dr. Ii. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 494, 216225. Faulting associated with large earthquakes and the average rate of deformation in Central and Eastern Asia. Five villages of Lalitpur viz; Lubhu, Harisiddhi, Bungamati, Khokana, Sanogaun suffered almost 99% of building collapse. Great detachment earthquakes along the himalayan arc and long-term forecasting. 1250). Their most famous difference and debate was in 1934 when Gandhi was reported in the press to have made a statement following the devastating Bihar earthquake of 1934: "I want you to be superstitious enough to believe with me that the earthquake is a divine chastisement for the great sin we have committed against those whom we describe as Harijans". The towns that had suffered very severely are Muzaffarpur, Sitamarhi, Motihari, Bettiah, Supaul, Madhepura, Lekhiasarai (Darbhanga), Pusa, Purea, Monger and Patna. Top 5 Most Violent States to Live in The US, The US Armys 5 Disastrous Wartime Decisions, 6 of the Most Powerful Revolutions in History, 6 Times We Have Avoided All Out Nuclear War, Devastating Political Assassinations That Changed History, The Story Behind The U2 Spy Plane And All Its Consequences May, 1, 1960, Hyperinflation in the Weimar Republic 1922-1923, Putins Finger Is on the Nuclear Bomb: Heres Where You Could Hide, Warning: Americans Should Prepare for an Earthquake (5 Tips), 5 Devastating Deaths That Impacted History, US States Most Likely to Get an Earthquake, Dangerous Surgeries! Explaining the 1934 Bihar-Nepal Earthquake: The Role of Science, Astrology, and Rumours. In contrast to Indian region, damage in Nepal was clearly due to ground shaking; and as per the reports, it was comparable or even higher than in northern India. The epicentre for this As per the report, distribution of damage in northern India was very uneven. A., Auden, J. the Kinnaur earthquake (1975), Dharam . It is certain that the loss of life would have been far more severe had not the main shock been preceded by two large foreshocks five hours before the main shock so that people went outdoors in alarm. : , . Presently, he works as a freelance/ independent history researcher, writer and works at www.awazthevoice.in, On January, 15th, 1934, at about 2.13 p.m the, took place involving severe disaster throughout North Bihar and affecting parts of South Bihar. In Sitamarhi, not a single house was left standing. No precise geodetic measurements were in place across the 1934 rupture area due to Nepal's political isolation in 1850 when the Trigonometrical Survey of India was in progress. Read Steve's blog. Liquefaction studies using trench excavations at locations known to have suffered liquefaction in 1934 (Sukhija et al., 2002) . Just after the avalanche, about 200 people were left stranded on the mountain as help couldn't reach them due to the risky condition of the mountain.

What Is A Smoke Compartment In A Hospital, Carmen Ortega Wife Of Marcos, Jennie Dale Strictly Come Dancing, Importance Of Identifying Business Opportunities, Edinburgh Marathon 1982 Results, Articles E