black feminism and intersectional analyses: a defense of intersectionalityblack feminism and intersectional analyses: a defense of intersectionality

Intersectionality is the relatively recent term used by numerous feminists since the 1980s to name an approach largely developed by women of color to understand, explain, resist, and transform the unequal outcomes of principles and systems of oppression they have experienced. All new items; Books; Journal articles; Manuscripts; Topics. Intersectionality & Men's Violence Against Women of Color ... is a clever juridical recapitulation of foundational ideas in black feminism. "Intersectionality was something I wrote in 1986, '87 and there's whole generation now that has come to the conversation after black feminism and other forms of intersectional work tilled the soil," she says. "Black feminist scholar-activists, a number of whom were LGBTQ, developed theoretical frameworks to serve as a model for other women of color, to broaden feminism's definition . From the Spanish Indignados, to the Syntagma Square in Greece, and more recently the Nuit Debout in France, youth are starting to take action and challenge the capitalist system. 1980), which entertained an action based on an intersectional discrimination claim, as an example wherein a court took the "first step towards recognizing intersectionality," in that it supplanted black males and white females as the exemplars of anti-black racism and misogyny, respectively. Concept of Intersectionality in Feminist Theory ... Guy-Sheftall, Beverly, ed. Consequently, the term 'white feminism' later rose . Intersectionality Effects on Veterans Health Outcomes When Kimberlé Crenshaw advanced in 1989 her "Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique of Antidiscrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory, and Antiracist Politics," with that incisive tool, "intersectionality," her academic act, in some discursively inaugural ways, legitimized the long and rich tradition of . Black Feminism and Intersectional Analyses: A Defense of Intersectionality. In the continental European context, the use of the intersectionality paradigm raises . Briefly stated, critical theory is "a complex theoretical perspective…that explores the historical, cultural, and ideological lines of authority that underlie social conditions.". It uses the symbol of a traffic intersection where somebody—in her first examples, a black woman—could be hit by a combination of both racism and sexism at the same time and this experience be more complex than . "And I think sometimes its hard for people to imagine what the world was like at the point when none of that work had been done. Collins, Patricia Hill (2003). First, an explanation of the term intersectionality. . Here is where and why the black feminist idea of intersectionality is vital to group analysis. For many of the feminist movements and messages to even develop, intersectionality had to be addressed because it deals with all women. "Black Feminism and Intersectional Analyses: A Defense of Intersectionality" in Philosophy Today. Progressives tend to argue that everything must be intersectional, and conservative skeptics counter that intersectionality is bunk. Already a subscriber or member? Intersectionality is what happens when we do everything through the lens of making sure that no one is left behind. Until the 1980s, the American Bar Association advised police to avoid arrest and engage in conflict resolution. Intersectionality is a theory of how intersecting identities, particularly . "Black Feminism and Intersectional Analyses: A Defense of Intersectionality" in Philosophy Today. Here is where and why the black feminist idea of intersectionality is vital to group analysis. Intersectionality, in feminist theory, argues that oppression is not a singular process and, hence, could not be captured through an analysis of gender alone (Carastathis, 2014). Volume 55, pages 275-284, SPEP Supplement 2011. The Politics of Black Feminist Thought For this week, we read Combahee River Collective, "A Black Feminist Statement," "Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence against Women of Color," by Kimberle Crenshaw and the book Shadowboxing: Representations of Black Feminist Politics by Joy James. The Concept of Intersectionality in Feminist Theory. Intersectional-what? POST-INTERSECTIONALITY - Volume 10 Issue 2. Feminism, Intersectionality, and Culture Talk in Law . 'The Invisibility of Privilege: A Critique of Intersectional Models of Identity'. A Brief Defense of Identity Politics and Intersectionality. The Concept of Intersectionality in Feminist Theory 2014. Black feminism and intersectional analyses: A defense of intersectionality. Intersectionality is perhaps the most popularly embraced, discussed, and debated concept to emerge from black feminist thought. Debates about intersections have a long history in the United Kingdom and have taken place specifically within gender studies, race and ethnic studies and cultural and diaspora studies. It is only in the last ten years that intersectionality has spread from the legal arena, and become a political football at American universities. Intimate partner violence (IPV) against women is likely to involve physical, sexual, emotional, and financial abuse and is still treated somewhat as a private issue. Some Group Matters: Intersectionality, Situated Standpoints, and Black Feminist Thought. June 21, 2016. Rowan Emily Ash - University of Western Ontario. Defining Intersectionality. She argues that a key dilemma for intersectionality researchers is that the additive (e.g., Black + Lesbian + Woman) versus intersectional (e.g., Black Lesbian Woman) assumption inherent in measurement and qualitative and quantitative data analyses contradicts the central tenet of intersectionality: social identities and inequality are . Tomlinson reveals the key means by which summaries and analyses . Many generations after intersectional thinking appears in women of color activism, and three decades after . Crenshaw's original theorization of intersectionality focused on black women and argued that, both legally and societally, our inability to understand and unravel the interaction of multiple forms of discrimination effectively erases those who live out these intersections. The song debuted in July of 2017, commemorating Kesha's years-long legal battle against Sony producer Dr. Luke who allegedly sexually abused her during the years of their contract. Philosophy Today Issue Supplement 55 (2011): 27584. A socially relevant philosophy of science? Intersectionality Term Analysis. Intersectionality plays a vital role in many of the movements seen today as well. Gender antiracism, on the other hand, leads to equity among race-genders. Intersectionality is the relatively recent term used by numerous feminists since the 1980s to name an approach largely developed by women of color to understand, explain, resist, and transform the unequal outcomes of principles and systems of oppression they have experienced. Intersectionality refers to how different kinds of inequity— racism, sexism, classism, and so on— intersect to produce more complex forms of oppression. Although intersectionality analysis originates in a critique of legal doctrine and its confining approach to subject formation, intersectionality has been adopted widely outside of legal scholarship—nationally and internationally—to explain how fields of power operate and interact to produce hierarchy for any limitless combination of identities. Further, the election of a Black president in 2008 and his reelection in 2012 does not constitute a lack of enduring racial prejudice and discrimination. Black feminism and intersectional analyses: . Kathryn T. Gines. Words of Fire: An Anthology of AfricanAmerican Feminist Thought. Intersectional feminist analysis of the criminal justice system. Intersectional analysis analysis helps us see differently . Gines, Kathryn T. Black Feminism and Intersectional Analyses: A Defense of Intersectionality. On equality, diversity and inclusion, intersectionality says that the 'problems of exclusion cannot be solved simply by including black [people] within an already established analytical structure' (Crenshaw, 1989: 140). Black Feminism and Continental Philosophy. I offer intersectional analysis as a strategy to extend intersectionality's power beyond identity toward more systemic analyses. If we arrive at a situation with pre-mapped conclusions about the morality of "girlbosses" or someone's Karen-ness, we may miss the ways in which power operates. A term coined by Kimberlé Crenshaw, intersectionality began as a critical response to the silence of White feminists on African American women's oppression and the anti-racist movement for ignoring the needs of women in the name of racial unity. Sasson-Levy argues for an intersectional analysis of the social architecture of the military, as militaries are always designed by the intersection of race/ethnicity and gender, and simultaneously create ethno-gendered groups and identities. ), A Companion to African-American Philosophy (205-229). Volume 55, pages 275-284, SPEP Supplement 2011. Anna Carastathis - 2014 - Philosophy Compass 9 (5) . Attendees learned about the history of reproductive justice and intersectionality, what the current reproductive and sexual health landscape looks like in the US . In defence of genuine Marxism. Interestingly, intersectionality has also been going gangbusters within academic feminism for over a decade. The term intersectional feminism was first coined 1989 by African-American lawyer and professor Kimberlé Crenshaw, who spearheaded the theory in academia, studying how non-white women—and black women especially—have historically been excluded from early feminist scholarship and activism. Collins, Patricia. Gines, Kathryn T. 'Black Feminism and Intersectional Analyses: A Defense of Intersectionality.' Philosophy Today Issue Supplement 55 (2011): 275-84. This website uses cookies so that we can provide you with the best user experience possible. It goes hand and hand with many feminist concepts. "It felt like there were 10 of us against the whole world" "black Women still in defense of ourselves" 2011 OP-Ed In the nation by her. Likewise, Black Lives Matter co-founder Alicia Garza adopts an intersectional approach to policing issues affecting black people and other people of color across sexual identity, immigration, and . Not only does scholarship in Criminology lack intersectionality, but, according to Chesney-Lind & Chagnon (2016), so does the field itself as white privilege is prevalent in Criminology due to a lack of diversity in race/ethnicity among scholars in the field. Resources from standpoint theory's controversiality. He builds on Black feminist scholar Kimberlé Crenshaw's concept of intersectionality, which refers to how people who live at the "intersections" of these inequities experience them. In this presentation, I argue that an intersectional model is the most useful by which to approach the ambiguities in Lucian's Dial. Therefore, intersectionality has its roots in black feminism (Collins 1997), . "Analysis claiming that systems of race, social class, gender, sexuality, ethnicity, nation, and age form mutually constructing features of social organization, which shape Black women's experiences and, in turn, are shaped by Black women" Collins (1990) Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness and the Politics of Empowerment All Categories; Metaphysics and Epistemology Many black feminists have pointed out that black women are often . Prior to the coining of the term "Intersectionality" by Kimberle Crenshaw in 1989, Black radical scholars (such as Ida B. Defining Intersectionality. Intersectionality and Intimate Partner Violence: Barriers Women Face. Gender racism is the policies and supporting ideas that create inequity among people of different race-genders (groups defined by both race and gender, like Black women). Black community and white community were siding with Clarence Thomas What does intersectional analysis help us see , that was obscured before? The report examined the unique issues that LGBTQ people of color face and demonstrates an approach to research that is sensitive to intersectionality. Harris City Community Action Association (5 th Cir. Black legal scholar Kimberlé Crenshaw coined the term "intersectionality" in her insightful 1989 essay, "Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique of Antidiscrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory and Antiracist Politics." 3 The concept of intersectionality is not an abstract notion but a description of the way multiple oppressions are experienced. For example, Deborah K. King published the article "Multiple Jeopardy, Multiple Consciousness: The Context of a Black Feminist Ideology" in 1988, just before Crenshaw coined the term intersectionality. In Tommy L. Lott and John P. Pittman (Eds. In The Imaginary Domain: For men, the intersection with ethnicity marks their location within the military hierarchy . Feminism's problem with jargon is that any idiot can pick it up and have a go . . "Identity politics are political arguments that focus upon the interest and perspectives of groups with which people identify. How to Be an Antiracist is principally about racism and antiracism, but Ibram X. Kendi also discusses other forms of inequity and injustice, like sexism, classism, homophobia, and transphobia. Print. intersectional analysis, focusing strictly on male experiences. . Hancock, A. A term coined by Kimberlé Crenshaw, intersectionality began as a critical response to the silence of White feminists on African American women's oppression and the anti-racist movement for ignoring the needs of women in the name of racial unity. / aarongoggans. Using a human rights analysis, facilitators explained how reproductive justice differs from the pro-choice/anti-abortion framework. gender, class, and sexuality has pervaded black feminist scholarship for decades. Identity politics includes the ways in which people's politics may be shaped by aspects of their identity . Intersectional scholarship was birthed out of Black feminist intellectual traditions. I am not against everything about intersectionality -- I think it points to important concepts but also has become muddled and confused to the point where Hillary Clinton's campaign was accepted as "intersectional feminism" and often functions as an "anti-communism for people with marginalized identities." Some leading family theorists called for an intersectional analysis of how gender, race and class systems interact to improve domestic violence theory. Kathryn T. Gines. Abstract. Hypatia. Routledge. There are many political and structural aspects of intersectionality that Crenshaw focuses on within the article, including using an analysis of the violence against women of color to show how important it is to look at these issues through the lens of interconnected races. Intersectionality and Critical Theory. Based on thoughts and critique of black feminists, intersectionality in the late 1980s addressed the combined disadvantage of being both black and female in a concrete juridical context. This lecture will provide an intersectional analysis of white supremacist women's activism in the 1950s and 1960s South. "Being a Black Woman Philosopher: Reflections on Founding the Collegium of Black Women Philosophers" in Hypatia, Volume 26, Issue 2, Spring 2011, pages 429-437. Intersectionality is a concept developed by the feminist critical race theorist, Kimberlé Crenshaw. intersectional analysis requires feminists to be responsive to cultural claims when such responsiveness would not actually, intentionally, or foreseeably subordinate . . 'Some Group Matters Intersectionality, Situated Standpoints, and Black Feminist Thought'. "Black Feminism and Intersectional Analyses: A Defense of Intersectionality" in Philosophy Today. Like many ideas with broad explanatory power, intersectionality has inspired, expanded, traveled, and morphed. "Being a Black Woman Philosopher: Reflections on Founding the Collegium of Black Women Philosophers" in Hypatia, Volume 26, Issue 2, Spring 2011, pages 429-437. New York: Oxford University Press. Wells, W.E.B. June 22, 2016. Durham: Duke University Press, 2019, 170 pp., $23.95 (paperback), 978-1-4780-0059-4.. By Wei Si Nic Yiu . Introduction: intersectionality under fire 'Intersectionality' - or the idea that subjects are situated in frameworks of multiple, interacting forms of oppression and privilege through socially constructed categories such as gender and 'race'/ethnicity - has become a central paradigm in feminist theory (see e.g., Cho et al., 2013, Franken et al., 2009, Lutz et al., 2011, Oleksy, 2011). Identity & oppression. Intersectionality in antiquity. Intersectionality's limited use in CME research has been for identity-based analyses. Cookie information is stored in your browser and performs functions such as recognising you when you return to our website and helping our team to understand which sections of the website you find most interesting and useful. Already a subscriber or member? "Undermining Intersectionality is an original and important text that provides a solid conceptual and historical account and a thorough theoretical analysis of the racial and gender politics that animate a broad swath of arguments aimed at the political work of intersectionality. This session introduced attendees to an intersectional analysis of race, class, and gender politics. Download Citation | On Jan 1, 2011, Kathryn T. Gines published Black Feminism and Intersectional Analyses: A Defense of Intersectionality | Find, read and cite all the research you need on . Guy-Sheftall, Beverly, ed. This article improves domestic violence theory by: 1) using the discourse, or language, of intersectionality; 2) developing a metadisciplinary ecological model . Many feminist theorists have pointed out that this kind of talk leads to exclusion. Jennifer C. Nash's field changing book Black Feminism Reimagined: After Intersectionality lovingly engages with the concept of intersectionality and asks readers to resist the lure of . Open this document. In fact, the term intersectionality originated in legal scholarship. 5, in which . By reading love-politics as both a practice of the self and a non-identitarian strategy for constructing political communities, I argue that black feminism's love-politics suggests a way of doing politics that transcends the pitfalls of identity politics, particularly intersectionality. Harding, S. (2004). Black Feminism and intersectional Analysis: A Defense of Intersectionality Intersectional feminism beyond U.S. flag hijab and pussy hats in Trump's America The Problem With the Phrase Women and Minorities: Intersectionality-an Important Theoretical Framework for Public Health It is the perceived lack of an intersectional approach that has led people to criticize feminist theory and practice for being concerned almost exclusively with the so-called problems of privileged, well-to-do white women in the Western world. Black Feminism and Intersectional Analyses A Defense of Intersectionality << Previous Article >> Next Article. Vivian M. May. Widely acknowledged as one of the most important ideas that feminist scholarship has . devalues black women's national, racial and sexual difference. The term was coined by feminist legal scholar Kimberlé Crenshaw. 2019] INTERSECTIONALITY AT 30 2195 States,5 Asian American women,6 the elderly,7 intragroup preferencing,8 and protected classes in discrimination law.9 Further, scholars have lev- eled substantive critiques of intersectionality by forwarding other theo-ries, including assemblage theory.10 Yet there have been few attempts to analyze intersectionality in relation to two other enormously influential Syntax; Advanced Search; New. McCall analyses three distinct intersectional methodologies, each with Ruminations on twenty-five years of Patricia Hill Collins'sBlack Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness and the Politics of Empowerment 2015. Carastathis, Anna. Hold On or Let Go: A Review of Black Feminism Reimagined: After Intersectionality by Jennifer C. Nash. Ethnic and Racial Studies. In the last fifty years, work on racial capitalism, materialist feminism, and Black feminism have transformed scholarship and activism on class and capitalism. Black Feminism and Intersectional Analyses A Defense of Intersectionality << Previous Article >> Next Article. On one side, there are authors who defend that intersectionality loses its analytical and rhetorical power when it is not focused on U.S. black women's experiences (Jordan-Zachery Reference Jordan-Zachery 2007) and that its roots must be situated in black feminism (May Reference May 2015). The History of Racist Ideas and Policies. Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness, and the Politics of Empowerment. The crisis of capitalism has given rise to a mood of questioning and mass movements across the world. New York: The New Press, 1995. More than surface-level inclusion, or merely making sure everyone is represented, intersectionality is the practice of interrogating the power dynamics and rationales of how we can be together." Analysis. meret. "Analysis claiming that systems of race, social class, gender, sexuality, ethnicity, nation, and age form mutually constructing features of social organization, which shape Black women's experiences and, in turn, are shaped by Black women" Collins (1990) Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness and the Politics of Empowerment She took a . Words of Fire: An Anthology of African-American Feminist Thought. But social movements and scholars have struggled to adequately grapple with the complexity of class and class struggle and what these ideas mean for twenty-first century movements. Philosophy Today 55 (Supplement):275-284 . In the article King addresses what soon . (2016). Intersectionality: An intellectual history. DuBois, and Frederick Douglas) referred to these 'intersections' as triple jeopardy or triple oppression. The ideas of what would eventually be called intersectionality have some of their roots based in 1970s feminism. A Multidisciplinary Journal on the Normative Challenges of Public Policies and Social Practice 3.2 (2008): 23-38. Crenshaw argues that anti-sexist politics and anti-racist approaches very rarely correspond to . . Philosophy Today, 55, 275-84. assumptions that underpin intersectionality, so that both feminist and anti- . Hancock, Ange-Marie. 2019] INTERSECTIONALITY AT 30 2195 States,5 Asian American women,6 the elderly,7 intragroup preferencing,8 and protected classes in discrimination law.9 Further, scholars have lev- eled substantive critiques of intersectionality by forwarding other theo-ries, including assemblage theory.10 Yet there have been few attempts to analyze intersectionality in relation to two other enormously influential Anna Julia Cooper's Black Feminist Love‐Politics 2017. Coined in the 1980s by . New Discourses Commentary. As intersectionality has become a central feminist . I will analyze Kesha's performance, which was accompanied by artists Cyndi Lauper, Andra Day, Camila Cabello, Bebe Rexha, and Julia Michaels. It recognises the . Intersectionality and feminist politics. Intersectionality. "Being a Black Woman Philosopher: Reflections on Founding the Collegium of Black Women Philosophers" in Hypatia, Volume 26, Issue 2, Spring 2011, pages 429-437. Charting the institutional history and contemporary uses of intersectionality in the academy, Nash outlines how women's studies has both elevated intersectionality to the discipline's primary program-building initiative and cast intersectionality as a threat to feminism's coherence. Summary. [8] Critical theory is a broad knowledge area which has developed significantly since its origins in the ideas of Karl . This article examines the consolidation of love into a black feminist politics during second-wave feminism. Wit, conventional wisdom, and wilful blindness: intersections between sex, gender, class, and ethnicity in the fifth of Lucian's Dialogues of the Courtesans. The term intersectional analysis is use by many feminist and civil rights activist, but Kimberle Crenshaw is an American feminist legal scholar and civil rights advocate who made up the name "intersectional analysis" in 1989 which has had many different meanings. Other writers and theorists were using intersectional analysis in their work before the term was coined. The increasing application of intersectionality to the psychological study of identity development raises questions regarding how we as researchers construct and operationalize social identity categories, as well as how we best capture and address systems of oppression and privilege within our work. . Crenshaw argues that anti-sexist politics and anti-racist approaches very rarely correspond to . Volume 55, pages 275-284, SPEP Supplement 2011. to women's suffrage and the Civil Rights era, through to the present with Black Lives Matter and the ongoing dialogue concerning gay and transgender rights. As we think about our own assessments of white feminism or "Karens," intersectionality calls for analysis of specific situations rather than pre-packaged ideological groupings. Intersectionality. There are striking gender, race, and class variations in rates of domestic violence. 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