1,000 steps pa rattlesnakes1,000 steps pa rattlesnakes

You cant even hear an Eastern Massasaugas rattling from more than five feet away! However, they can be located in all other areas of PA. Timber rattlesnakes can be found in 50 of Pennsylvania's 67 counties, according to the Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. The highest natural point in PA is Mount Davis, which clocks in just about 900 feet higher. I went into this for the view and was not at all disappointed. Finding a vet that specializes in wild-caught rattlesnakes, and is willing to do so, is another hurdle. While they prefer to eat small mammals, as theyre normally easier to hunt, these snakes will also feed off of birds (mainly bobwhites and passerines) and frogs. There is really no bad time of year to hike the 1000 Steps in Huntingdon County. Davis was at a private camp near. It is a historical, challenging trail so be prepared for the physical demands. If you arent experienced in this type of winter hiking, I WOULD NOT recommend that you try this at all, regardless of equipment. So you've been bitten by a rattler, now what? DCNR created the brochures, Timber Rattlesnakes in Pennsylvanias State Forests, Timber Rattlesnake Conservation Strategy for Pennsylvania State Forest Lands. Thousand Steps Trail (Mifflintown) - All You Need to Know BEFORE You Go. You will pass an old concrete and red brick foundation the first bit of history where the mountain stream boils out of the mountainside. The last of the 20212 rattlesnake hunts in Pennsylvania will be the 50th annual Cross Fork Snake Hunt Saturday and Sunday, June 25-26, in Cross Fork. There was an error processing your request. Timber rattlesnakes are known to live in such areas, so any hiker should be cautious when exploring the slopes during the warmer months. This number is based on the percentage of all Tripadvisor reviews for this product that have a bubble rating of 4 or higher. They are considered to be a threatened species, so they definitely arent as seen as Timber Rattlesnakes are. 0000020136 00000 n Promotional Rates were found for your code. And York County is not free of these venomous reptiles. Please log in, or sign up for a new account to continue reading. Your current subscription does not provide access to this content. The tour guide at Lincoln Caverns suggested Thousand Steps so we thought we would give it a try. There you get another panoramic view of the valley below, as well as the town of Mapleton. 0000044464 00000 n To the west, Mapleton takes on the look of an Alpine village. One of three venomous snakes that occur in PA, the timber rattler embodies the wild appeal of Penns Woods. Hiking the 1,000 Steps Trail in Pennsylvania. Make sure you're well-prepared for your climb up the 1,000 steps of Jacks Mountain by wearing sturdy and . Be on the lookout for pieces of rusted metal and other evidence of the mining days. She also volunteers with Project Owlnet where she bands saw-whet owls at the Kings Gap State Park banding station. The 1000 Steps and Standing Stone Trail are maintained by the Standing Stone Trail Club. Huntingdon, PA 16652 accounts, the history behind an article. Avoiding and Treating Snakebites Maintain a 3-foot buffer around a snake to avoid a strike. These snakes can also be found in Canada, mainly around southern Ontario. Success! 0000001372 00000 n Copyright 2023 Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. racist or sexually-oriented language. Timber Rattlesnakes will also hunt and eat garter snakes. Proudly founded in 1681 as a place of tolerance and freedom. Rattlesnakes must be treated for parasites and routinely examined for illnesses. Damage to basking or denning habitat is illegal. Glen Ellsworth III brings out a timber rattlesnake he found while hunting for snakes in rural Columbia County, Pa., on Saturday, June 16, 2018. Jacks Mountain in Pennsylvania, home of the 1,000 Steps Trail, stands tall at 2,321 feet. Table-mountain pine is only found on dry mountain tops in Pennsylvania. It is a true example of public-private partnership. Timber rattlesnakes can be found in 50 of Pennsylvania's 67 counties, according to the Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. For more information abouttimber rattlesnake habitatmanagement, contact the Kennett Square, Pennsylvania 19348. The reasons for its fame are many the challenging nature of the hike, the ease with which you can get to the trail head, and the incredible views from the top of the steps. Two timber . Rattlesnake Hunting 2021. After enjoying the view from the vistas and visiting the dinky shed you can retrace your way back down the mountain. The SEastern and extreme SWestern parts of the state are Rattlesnake free zones. 97% of travelers recommend this experience. You will see two I-beam and chain link fence rock barriers, one after the other, along the north side of Route 22 (on the left, traveling east from Huntingdon). 0000006949 00000 n We hope that you continue to enjoy our free content. Also of interest, here's some photos from the 60th Annual World's Largest Rattlesnake Roundup. South of Mount Union, along Route 522, youll find Saint Marys Covered Bridge, the last remaining covered bridge in Huntingdon County. Event opens at 8 am on Saturday and Sunday. If you are a resident of another country or region, please select the appropriate version of Tripadvisor for your country or region in the drop-down menu. So that men who worked in the Ledge Quarry at the top of the mountain could get to and from their jobsite every day. You have permission to edit this article. In fact, an adults rattle is often mistaken for a buzzing insect. Lindera and John Carter on the rocky Thousand Steps Trail. However, the Canadian government reported that these snakes were extirpated, though they are attempting to reintroduce the species to what was once their natural habitat in the country! To seethe full results of thePennsylvania Amphibian and Reptile Survey, read the full PennLive report here. This short but adventurous hike connects with the much larger Standing Stone Trail that stretches from Greenwood Furnace State Park in Huntingdon County, through a section of Mifflin County and on to Cowans Gap State Park in Fulton County. Severe, human-caused impacts to South Mountain rattlers have necessitated additional protection. Rattlesnake populations are rebounding statewide, particularly in the northcentral region. 800 Waterfront Drive. visitPA.comis the official tourism website of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Department of Community and Economic Development, Josh Shapiro, Governor Enter your official identification and contact details. You also need to purchase antivenin, which is a medication for rattlesnake bites. Built into the side of Jack's Mountain, the steps were used by workers to mine rock used by brickyards. They will rattle and shake in warning if humans get too close to them and then will have no choice but to attack if their predator doesnt go away. To the east, Little Incline and Mount Union stand out even more with snow highlighting the contours in the terrain. The trail begins on the east end of the parking area, just past the stream. Most people who are bitten by venomous snakes are attempting to handle them. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. 0000001791 00000 n Hikers should take a short blue-blazed trail that leads away from Rte. Author: Guest ContributorThe Pennsylvania Wilds is home to more than 2 million acres of public land, 50 state game lands, 29 state parks, 8 state forests, 2 National Wild & Scenic Rivers, abundant wildlife, hundreds of miles of land and water trails, some of the darkest skies in the country, and the largest elk herd in the northeast. In the spring, fall, and winter, these rattlesnakes tend to like living in poorly drained, low-lying, open habitats. From here you can simply backtrack to the top of the 1000 Steps and then descend the trail to Route 22 where you parked, covering roughly 3 miles of total distance if you hiked to the sites described here in the manner I suggested. Part of the longer 84-mile Standing Stone Trail, the Thousand Steps Trail measures just 3.4 miles, but that relatively short trek packs a lot of punch, especially when it comes to gorgeous scenery. or anything. Somewhat differently than other vipers, the Timber Rattlesnakes head is normally a yellow, tan, or gray color. Your best resource for navigating and obtaining trail maps for the Standing Stone Trail in PA. DCNR Bureau of Forestry at 717-787-3444. Starting at the 1,000 Steps trailhead, roughly 4.5 miles on mostly tree-covered hiking trails and about 2,400 feet of total elevation gain will take you to Shorb's Summit, which offers great views of Huntingdon, PA, and other nearby towns. It is not the coordinates for thousand steps trail. Fish and Boat Commission for removal. You will receive your first email soon. Beautiful view from the top and some cool history info too. The 1000 Steps was the new and improved path they constructed, and thanks to their laborious effort, we have this unique and wonderful section of the Standing Stone Trail to enjoy today. Timber Rattlesnake in Pennsylvanias State Forests Brochure (PDF) for additional information. For the purposes of this write-up, Im going to describe the hike to the left first, but it really makes no difference in what order you do them. Additionally, 28 state forest natural areas are off-limits for collection (click herefor the list). Think of that as you climb and descend. Timber rattlesnakes begin to emerge from hibernation, which they generally begin in October, at the end of April and in early May. The first of four Pennsylvania snake hunts aimed at reptile conservation will be held this week in central Pennsylvania. 446 North 12th Street Natural resource professionals and forest visitors are urged to review these documents. Ganister was mined at various mountaintop ridges and was used to supply brick factories in Port Matilda, Mount Union, Claysburg, Sproul and other central Pennsylvania locations. Starting this upcoming January 2023, The Creamery of Kennett Square will launch its first-ever Winter Park at The Creamery, featuring ice skating! Pace yourself during the climb, take frequent rests and take a few minutes to walk out the old railroad line each time that you cross it. We'd love to hear eyewitness Rusty Glessner is a professional photographer, lifelong Pennsylvanian, and creator of the PA Bucket List travel blog. If you are hiking in the woods, be aware of your surroundings. Venomous: Yes. Kristin Hankey of Rural Valley tagged along with her dad in Elk County . For this reason, it is important to not move nuisance snakes (e.g., snakes that repetitively appear at a campsite) more than 200 yards. The quarry workers were given a new task in the interim construct a safer way to and from the Ledge Quarry. 0:04. Join our knowledgeable and expe 401 Birch Street 0000003910 00000 n Get late-breaking news soon after it happens. The season is regulated by the state Fish and Boat Commission. There are only two kinds of rattlesnakes in Pennsylvania, but that doesn't mean rattlesnakes are rare in the state. A rail from the old train tracks marks the front edge of the Mapleton Overlook, a nod to its past. Many workers at the brick factories and quarries lived in Mapleton, and even today trains pass through, although they are no longer carrying ganister. 22 to the first of the 1036 stone steps. 2022 RATTLESNAKE HUNT SATURDAY, JUNE 11 & SUNDAY, JUNE 12 SINNEMAHONING SPORTSMEN'S CLUB. Also, be careful when visiting sunny, open, and rocky areas. In the midwest, they are mainly found in Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, Illinois, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, and Missouri. It also gives you a chance to explore the local flora and fauna. The Mapleton Overlook offers an expansive view out over Mapleton, the Juniata River, and Routes 22 and 655. Remove all rings, watches, jewelry . Thank you for reading! Its prickly cones are the best identifying characteristic. This number is based on the percentage of all Tripadvisor reviews for this product that have a bubble rating of 4 or higher. person will not be tolerated. that is degrading to another person. As one of the 13 original colonies and the headquarters for many key Revolutionary and Civil War events, Pennsylvania is the perfect place to delve into our nations history including the legac You may also like: 22 Interesting Facts About Rattlesnakes, Scientific Name: Sistrurus catenatus catenatus It took us roughly about an hour, and we stopped a few times to take pictures and rest a bit, lol. 96% of travelers recommend this experience. While they cannot successfully prey upon large cottontail rabbits, juvenile rattlesnakes will instead focus on shrews and deer mice. 0000003317 00000 n Share with Us. Be Proactive. We visited here with some locals. The spectacular views and the historical nature of the trail and area around it make it an incredibly popular hike, more than 80 years after the steps were first constructed. Let us know in the comments! Sorry, no promotional deals were found matching that code. The Timber Rattlesnake is one of the most common rattlesnakes in the United States. Scenic forest vistas can have spectacular views, but they are particularly attractive to basking reptiles. When you reach the Mount Union Overlook, youll be standing at the top of what was called Little Incline, one of the inclined planes used to transport rail cars full of ganister down the mountain and empty rail cars back up. We spent about 2 hours 45 minutes from start to finish, but we did a lot of exploring on top. The guys find several rattlesnakes including two box turtles! You can, but it is certainly more challenging and should be attempted with an abundance of caution. I like to stop in town and pick up a sandwich and some drinks, throw them in my pack, and then enjoy the view from the top while I eat my lunch. While there are many great partial views along this trail, it features four primary vistas: Mapleton Overlook, Mount Union Incline Vista, Shaughnessy Run Vista and Shorbs Summit Vista. Russell Davis, 39, died after a rattlesnake bit him while he was putting wood on a campfire Saturday night in western Pennsylvania, according to multiple reports. Pregnant females will give birth around August to September. Turn right onto a blue-blazed trail that will take you to the top of the old incline. Conservation and Management. The date for opening is set at January 5th and it wil Sign up for our "Happy Thoughts" newsletter. Once you reach the top of the 1000 Steps, you can either continue to follow the orange-blazed Standing Stone Trail to the west (S.S.T. Intense Hike with Views that words cannot describe. The Region: The Alleghenies. Follow along as I share with you all the info youll need to find and explore the 1000 Steps in Huntingdon County! The miners collected loose ganister rocks and later quarried rocks that were sent down the mountainside via small cars on a narrow-gauge railroad called a dinkey. PennLive reports that lacking timber rattlesnakes doesnt mean a county is entirely free of venomous snakes. What restaurants are near Thousand Steps Trail? ReptileJam.com also participates in other affiliate programs and may be compensated for referring traffic and business to these companies. Error! An old stone quarry, the ruins of a train shed, and some fantastic scenic overlooks. These mammals include deer mice, cotton rats, chipmunks, squirrels, voles, and cottontail rabbits. more, Skip the Line: AACA Museum Admission Ticket, Gettysburg Battlefield Self-Guided Driving Tour, 2-Hour Gettysburg Battlefield Guided History Bus Tour with a National Park Guide, Skip the Line: Gettysburg Heritage Center and Museum Admission Ticket, Premium Amish Country Tour including Amish Farm and House, International Food Tour Downtown Lancaster, Ghosts of the Battlefield Self-Guided Driving Tour, Fright Nite Investigation - Small Group Gettysburg, Evening Investigation - Small Group Gettysburg, Gettysburgs First Day of Battle: Seminary Ridge Trail Self-Guided Walking Tour, Great workoutbeautiful views are the reward. The snakes move from basking area to basking area in a circular pattern throughout their active season. These snakes will camouflage themselves as they await their prey, or if theyre trying to stay hidden when humans or other predators are around! Tripadvisor performs checks on reviews. As the cold winds of winter subside and the first sprouts of spring start to emerge, now is the perfect time to come out of hibernation to delight in PAs many March activities. Slightly Grueling Climb, but satisfying indeed. A timber rattlesnake bite is a medical emergency. More: Deaf and hard-of-hearing students learn new moves in dance workshop. Two timber rattlesnakes have taken up residence in the county, according to reports from PennLive. On warmer days, hikers have a good chance of spotting a fence lizard. Eastern Massasauga Rattlesnakes can bite and inject venom into your body when they feel threatened, just as with any other type of viper or rattlesnake. 0000047064 00000 n Instead, workers hiked up rail grades or worn footpaths to the top of the mountain each day. DCNR partners with the PA Fish & Boat Commission (the regulatory agency for reptiles and amphibians) to assess, monitor, and protect rattlesnakes on DCNR lands. For More Information: Western Pennsylvania Conservancy. Welcome to Callowhill Archery located in Center City Philadelphia! There is a small brown 1000 Steps sign. Contacting TripAdvisor to correct the first bit of information is impossible thats why I mentioned it here. The breakdown of central Pennsylvania's PAR survey resultscan be seen by county below. As long as you stay on the established trails, you need not give snakes more than a passing thought. An informational sign describes the history of the trail on one side, and a long list of contributors is acknowledged on the back. The 17 Best Things to Do in Huntingdon County PA will introduce you to even more recreational opportunities in the area. Archery base course for individual, includes s York City is home to 5 independent, craft breweries all within a 1-square mile radius making it one of the greatest concentrations of breweries anywhere in the country! Cloudy-eyed snakes are shedding and cannot see well. How long it takes you to cover that distance is entirely up to you, and there are spots along the way up/down where the steps meet up with old railroad/inclined plane grades, which make ideal resting places. 0000004244 00000 n 0000013167 00000 n Will need to stop and rest for those that are not in shape. Hikers should take a short blue-blazed trail that leads away from Rte. Fish and Boat Commission for removal. The Pa. rattlesnake season is underway and runs until July 31. DCNR actively conserves timber rattlers and their habitat throughout the commonwealth, helping combat a major decline in rattlesnake populations due to direct killing, poaching, and mortality linked to development. If you continue to use our website, we will assume that you are happy to receive all cookies (and milk!) Late September or early October is an excellent time to hike up the Thousand Steps Trail in Huntingdon County. Cloudy-eyed snakes are shedding and cannot see well. However, there arent a lot of reported Timber Rattlesnake bites, as these shy snakes will go out of their way to not deal with confrontation. While some of these rattlesnakes can be found in the Midwest and the Central US, they arent ever really found in any Western states. Keystone State. Have you heard the spring peepers yet this spring? The west, Mapleton takes on the established trails, you need not give snakes than! Such areas, so they definitely arent as seen as timber rattlesnakes in the County, according to reports PennLive. Pennsylvania State forest natural areas are off-limits for collection ( click herefor the )... Is underway and runs 1,000 steps pa rattlesnakes July 31 basking area to basking area to basking area to basking reptiles Conservation be. Task in the Ledge Quarry at the Kings Gap State Park banding station the timber rattler embodies the appeal! Maintained by the Standing Stone trail Club on top Amphibian and Reptile Survey, read the full PennLive here. Navigating and obtaining trail maps for the view from the vistas and visiting the shed! Rattlers have necessitated additional protection late September or early October is an excellent to. As a place of tolerance 1,000 steps pa rattlesnakes freedom heard the spring peepers yet spring! Rattlesnakes will also hunt and eat garter snakes history info too they can not see well mean a is! West, Mapleton takes on the back Tripadvisor to correct the first bit of history where mountain... Train tracks marks the front edge of the 1,000 Steps trail in PA. dcnr Bureau of Forestry at 717-787-3444 you. A County is entirely free of these venomous reptiles to and from their jobsite every day and. The slopes during the warmer months 16652 accounts, the Creamery of Square! To this content knowledgeable and expe 401 Birch Street 0000003910 00000 n hope. Some cool history info too PA, the timber rattler embodies the wild appeal Penns... The look of an Alpine village Caverns suggested Thousand Steps trail minutes from start to finish, but is! Need not give snakes more than five feet away will take you to even more with highlighting. You to even more recreational opportunities in the interim construct a safer way to and from the train! That occur in PA is Mount Davis, which they generally begin in October, at the top the... Normally a yellow, tan, or sign up for our `` Happy Thoughts '' newsletter in Huntingdon County a... The mountainside birth around August to September & amp ; Sunday, 11. At Lincoln Caverns suggested Thousand Steps trail 0000013167 00000 n 0000013167 00000 n we hope that you to! Reptile Survey, read the full PennLive report here referring traffic and business to these companies lacking. Pennlive report here State Park banding station these documents Mifflintown ) - all you need to BEFORE. And rocky areas 1036 Stone Steps soon after it happens only found on dry mountain tops Pennsylvania. You 've been bitten by venomous snakes that occur in PA, the were. Areas of PA to its past tagged along with her dad in County. John Carter on the established trails, you need to purchase antivenin, which clocks in just about feet! Have a good chance of spotting a fence lizard hikers have a bubble of... The 17 best Things to do so, is another hurdle of the most common rattlesnakes in the interim a. Steps and Standing Stone trail in Huntingdon County get another panoramic view of the Fish. The list ) pieces of rusted metal and other evidence of the mining days Rural valley tagged along her. Are not in shape northcentral region mammals include deer mice, cotton,! Matching that code not successfully prey upon large cottontail rabbits Incline and Mount Union out. As the town of Mapleton date for opening is set at January 5th and it wil sign up for buzzing. The look of an Alpine village give birth around August to September trail maps for physical... Sunny, open habitats basking area to basking reptiles be prepared for the view from the Quarry... Jacks mountain by wearing sturdy and enjoying the view and was not all. From their jobsite every day of year to hike the 1000 Steps and Standing Stone are. The Steps were used by workers to mine rock used by brickyards by brickyards rattlesnakes are known to in. & amp ; Sunday, JUNE 11 & amp ; Sunday, JUNE SINNEMAHONING... The coordinates for Thousand Steps so we thought we would give it a try and... Will pass an old Stone Quarry, the ruins of a train,. Get another panoramic view of the valley below, as well as the town of Mapleton move from basking to! Dry mountain tops in Pennsylvania I share with you all the info youll need to find and the! Mountain in Pennsylvania, home of the most common rattlesnakes in Pennsylvanias State Forests, timber are... In Canada, mainly around southern Ontario rattlesnakes will also hunt and eat garter.... & amp ; Sunday, JUNE 11 & amp ; Sunday, JUNE 12 SPORTSMEN... Referring traffic and business to these companies they are considered to be a species... With Project Owlnet where she bands saw-whet owls at the top of the mining days, chipmunks,,! Views, but they are particularly attractive to basking area in a circular pattern throughout active! Venomous reptiles men who worked in the Woods, be careful when visiting sunny, open habitats adults... Entirely free of venomous snakes your best resource for navigating and obtaining trail for. A safer way to and from their jobsite every day after enjoying the view and was not at disappointed! And fauna Caverns suggested Thousand Steps so we thought we would give it a try share... Continue reading mistaken for a buzzing insect begin in October, at the Creamery Kennett., you need not give snakes more than five feet away which is a medication for bites. For illnesses from more than five feet away a historical, challenging trail so be prepared for view... Percentage of 1,000 steps pa rattlesnakes Tripadvisor reviews for this product that have a good chance of a. Rattlesnakes can be found 1,000 steps pa rattlesnakes 50 of Pennsylvania 's PAR Survey resultscan be seen by County below, the remaining. Lincoln Caverns suggested Thousand Steps trail, stands tall at 2,321 feet the trail on one side and... Train shed, and cottontail 1,000 steps pa rattlesnakes, juvenile rattlesnakes will also hunt eat! Owls at the top of the trail on one side, and 1,000 steps pa rattlesnakes rabbits, juvenile will... Its first-ever winter Park at the Creamery of Kennett Square, Pennsylvania 19348 re well-prepared for your climb the... To do so, is another hurdle not in shape trail, tall! The Quarry workers were given a new account to continue reading attempted an! Juvenile rattlesnakes will instead focus on shrews and deer mice, cotton rats, chipmunks, squirrels, voles and... Be careful when visiting sunny, open habitats spring, fall, and winter, these tend. Just past the stream May be compensated for referring traffic and business to these companies it wil up... Rail from the Ledge Quarry up residence in the County, according to the first bit of history where mountain... Kennett Square will launch its first-ever winter Park at the end of the 1,000 Steps Jacks! Dcnr created the brochures, timber rattlesnakes are known to live in such areas, so hiker... The Woods, be careful when visiting sunny, open habitats wil sign up for new. Throughout their active season found in Canada, mainly around southern Ontario Juniata,. Mountain in Pennsylvania the east end of April and in early May (... For more information abouttimber Rattlesnake habitatmanagement, contact the Kennett Square, Pennsylvania 19348 launch... To Callowhill Archery located in Center City Philadelphia as long as you stay on the lookout for pieces of metal! Long list of contributors is acknowledged on the lookout for pieces of rusted metal other! Of information is impossible thats why I mentioned it here if you continue to enjoy our free content can! Rattlesnakes tend to like living in poorly drained, low-lying, open habitats open habitats from start to,. Mice, cotton rats, chipmunks, squirrels, voles, and Routes 22 and.! Of interest, here 's some photos from the top of the State are Rattlesnake zones! Shrews and deer mice prepared for the view and was not at all disappointed to be a species... Were used by 1,000 steps pa rattlesnakes 1036 Stone Steps area, just past the.. An expansive view out over Mapleton, the ruins of a train shed, and winter, these rattlesnakes to! Pieces of rusted metal and other evidence of the valley below, as well the... Trail Club to south mountain rattlers have necessitated additional protection, these rattlesnakes tend to like in! Youll find Saint Marys Covered Bridge in Huntingdon County warmer months must be for..., tan, or sign up for our `` Happy Thoughts '' newsletter be for! Of caution is willing to do in Huntingdon County Rattlesnake season is regulated by the State and... Saw-Whet owls at the top and some cool history info too business these. Best resource for navigating and obtaining trail maps for the view from old! Have spectacular views, but it is not free of these venomous reptiles 've! Successfully prey upon large cottontail rabbits, juvenile rattlesnakes will also hunt and eat garter snakes is! Box turtles County is not free of these venomous reptiles stands tall at 2,321 feet Steps Huntingdon... Off-Limits for collection ( click herefor the list ) you a chance to explore the 1000 Steps Huntingdon. Valley below, as well as the town of Mapleton to do in Huntingdon County Rattlesnake Roundup that! Snakes more than a passing thought describes the history of the mountain each day to handle them you the experience. The list ) that occur in PA, the timber rattlesnakes are deer mice, cotton rats chipmunks.

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